[92][93] The relics of Saint Ivan of Rila were also returned to Sardica on this occasion. Finally, the Archbishop of Kalocsa crowned him king on 18 January 1173, with Pope Alexander III's approval. [70] In the 1180s, Béla initiated the building of a lofty royal castle and a new cathedral in Esztergom. [99][100] At Frederick's request, Béla released his imprisoned brother, Géza, who joined the crusaders and left Hungary. [99] Béla welcomed Frederick, and dispatched a troop to escort the crusaders across the Balkan Peninsula. [9] Whether Syrmium was also part of Béla's patrimony, or if he only acquired it after his father's death is subject to scholarly debates. [92] Béla married Margaret of France, a sister of Philip II of France, in the summer of 1186. He was renamed to Alexios, and the emperor granted him the newly created senior court title of despotes. [125] His two younger brothers, Solomon and Stephen, did not survive infancy. [41][43] The couple went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
Da der offizielle Thronfolger zuerst Stefan III. [64][65][66], Géza tried to persuade Soběslav II of Bohemia to help him meet Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, but Soběslav seized Géza and handed him over to Béla in 1177. [118] Agnes was born around 1149 and died around 1184. All rights reserved.
©2015 Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung (IOS). [99], Vladimir Yaroslavich escaped from captivity in early 1189 or 1190. Häufigkeitsstatistik des Vornamens Bela Herkunft und Bedeutung . The royal palace built in Esztergom during his reign was the first example of Gothic architecture in Central Europe. However, administering sacraments to members of the royal family had always been the Archbishops of Esztergom's job. Béla was the second son of Géza II of Hungary and Géza's wife, Euphrosyne of Kiev. [43] In Jerusalem, they donated 10,000 bezants to the Knights Hospitaller in compensation for their hospitality. [69][68] Pope Alexander III punished Béla with ecclesiastic sanctions, but Béla reconciled with Archbishop Lucas of Esztergom, who absolved him and excommunicated Andrew of Kalocsa.
[6][8][10][11] According to historian Warren Treadgold, Béla's patrimony also included Bosnia. [107], Béla was one of the most eminent medieval monarchs of Hungary. He was the wealthiest European monarch of his time, according to a list of his revenues, but the reliability of the list is questioned.
[120] Margaret–Maria married one of the leaders of the Crusade, Boniface of Montferrat, who seized Thessaloniki after the fall of the Byzantine Empire. [97], In the summer of 1187, German crusaders marched through Hungary under the command of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. Taking advantage of the internal conflicts in the Byzantine Empire after Emperor Manuel's death, Béla reoccupied Croatia, Dalmatia and Sirmium between 1180 and 1181. [62] When Henry Jasomirgott, Duke of Austria, refused to extradite Géza, Béla launched plundering raids into Austria, together with Soběslav II, Duke of Bohemia.
Dafür zog Béla nach Byzanz, wo er mit Maria, der Tochter des Kaisers Manuel I., verlobt wurde und den Namen Alexios annahm. (o. [60] According to a Bohemian chronicle (Continuatio Gerlaci abbatis Milovicensis), Béla imprisoned his younger brother, Géza, but Géza escaped from prison and fled to Austria in 1174 or 1175.
Béla-Alexios, who was designated as Emperor Manuel's heir in 1165, took part in three Byzantine campaigns against Hungary. Béla, Croatian: Bela III, Slovak: Belo III; c. 1148 – 23 April 1196) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1172 and 1196. [125] Their younger sister, Constance, married King Ottokar I of Bohemia in about 1198.
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